Abstract
Background: Periodontitis often leads to alveolar bone resorption, compromising tooth stability and long-term prognosis. Recently, melatonin has attracted attention for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential osteogenic properties; however, limited evidence exists regarding its effectiveness in periodontal therapy. This clinical study aims to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin in periodontal surgical treatment by evaluating the changes in radiographic and clinical parameters.
Methods: Twenty patients diagnosed with stage III periodontitis and presenting with three-wall intrabony defects were randomly distributed to either group A (melatonin gel + xenograft) or group B (xenograft only) (10 per group). The primary outcome was the evaluation of radiographic parameters, including defect fill (DF) and alveolar crest changes (ACC). The secondary outcome was evaluation of clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). All parameters were assessed at baseline and after 6 months.
Results: At 6 months, both groups improved; however, Group A showed significantly greater defect fill (4.38 ± 0.59 mm vs. 2.88 ± 0.56 mm; P < 0.05) and CAL gain (2.33 ± 0.71 mm vs. 1.11 ± 0.33 mm; P < 0.05) than Group B.
Conclusion: Adjunctive use of melatonin gel with xenograft significantly improved bone fill and clinical attachment level compared to xenograft alone after 6 months