Abstract
Background: Nowadays E-cigarette consumption is increasing and like conventional smoking, it can cause some harmful effects. This systematic review aimed to compare the effect of conventional cigarette and e-cigarette on salivary biomarkers. Methods: The search strategies included electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE) and related journals up to May 2023. A qualitative assessment was performed on data extracted from the included studies. Seven studies were included in this systematic review (number of patients = 563). Result: In total eleven biomarkers were assessed and the reported amount of them in e-cigarette and conventional cigarette smokers was compared. The data showed that the different effects of electronic and conventional cigarettes on the level of these biomarkers were not achievable. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies (I² statistic > 90%), it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. Even after a sub-group classification, homogenous data was not achieved. Conclusion: The current data do not provide evidence of obtainable outcomes between conventional cigarette and e-cigarette on salivary biomarkers.